Understanding Your Well Water in Michigan

Michigan has 2.4 million people on private wells — more than any other state. Nobody regulates your well water. Nobody tests it. That's on you.

The Numbers

2.4M Michigan residents on private wells

200+ PFAS contamination sites identified statewide

30% of Michigan's population depends on well water

0 federal regulations on private well testing

Why It Matters

Michigan sits on some of the most productive aquifers in the Great Lakes region — glacial deposits hundreds of feet thick, laid down by ice sheets that retreated 10,000 years ago. These aquifers produce abundant water, but that water carries what the geology gives it: arsenic from glacial minerals, extreme hardness from limestone bedrock, iron that stains everything orange, and — increasingly — PFAS from decades of industrial contamination.

Unlike public water systems, private wells are not regulated by the EPA. No one tests your water, treats your water, or notifies you if something is wrong. That responsibility belongs to you.

PFAS ("Forever Chemicals")

Michigan has the highest PFAS site count in the nation. 11,000+ sites tested, 200+ with detections. Parchment, Rockford, military bases, and more.

Arsenic

Naturally occurring in Michigan's glacial deposits. Tasteless, odorless, colorless. A Class I carcinogen. Northeast Michigan is especially affected.

Hard Water

Most Michigan groundwater is hard to extremely hard. Jackson County hits 500+ PPM. Alpena exceeds 600 PPM. It destroys plumbing and appliances.

Iron & Manganese

The most visible water quality issue in Michigan. Rust staining on fixtures, black staining on laundry, metallic taste. Nearly universal in well water.

Find Your Community

We've researched water quality conditions for communities across Michigan that rely on private wells. Each guide covers local geology, specific contaminants, testing recommendations, and treatment options.